Major External Parasites of Pigs: Early Detection Key to Protecting Herd Health

External parasites can significantly affect pig health and farm productivity. Infestations may cause skin damage, persistent itching, stress, poor weight gain and economic losses. Among the major external parasites affecting pigs are sarcoptic mange mites, hog lice and flies.

Recognising the Signs

Sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes mites, is marked by intense itching, redness, crust formation, thickened skin and hair loss. Pigs may frequently rub or scratch affected areas, leading to further skin damage.
Hog lice are blood-sucking parasites commonly found around the ears, neck folds, inner legs and tail. Infestation can cause irritation, rubbing and hair loss.

Flies, including biting and non-biting species, are commonly found in and around pig housing and can add to the discomfort and health challenges faced by pigs.

Early Detection and Farm Hygiene are Key

Regular monitoring and good farm management are essential for controlling external parasites. Farmers should:

•    Examine newly purchased pigs for signs of infestation before introducing them into the herd.
•    Separate affected animals from healthy pigs to help limit the spread of parasites.
•    Maintain clean and hygienic housing through regular cleaning and disinfection.
•    Provide balanced nutrition to support overall animal health.

•    Monitor pigs routinely for itching, skin lesions, crusting, hair loss and other signs of infestation.

In suspected cases of sarcoptic mange, diagnosis can be confirmed through microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings collected from affected areas.

Maintaining hygienic housing, early identification of infestations and regular health monitoring can help farmers protect herd health, minimise productivity losses and support more sustainable pig farming.

(Source: ICAR-RC NEH, Umiam, Meghalaya)